He changed his first name to "Charles" in order to sound more American, and chose the middle name "Proteus", a wise hunchbacked character from the Odyssey who knew many secrets, after a childhood epithet given by classmates Steinmetz felt suited him. His systematic experiments resulted in the first laboratory created man-made lightning, earning him the nickname the Forger of Thunderbolts. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. His book Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current Phenomena (coauthored with Ernst J. Berg in 1897) was read and understood by only a very few. Steinmetz was a lifelong agnostic. According to Steinmetz, Steinmetz and Edison had met each other way back in August 1893, at an electrical meeting at the worlds fair in Chicago just after Steinmetzs boss Eickemeyer sold out to GE. He fostered the development of alternating current that made possible the expansion of the electric power industry in the United States, formulating mathematical theories for engineers. In the groundbreaking paper, Complex Quantities and Their Use in Electrical Engineering, presented at a July 1893 meeting published in the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE), Steinmetz simplified these complicated methods to a simple problem of algebra. It would make their long working hours more convenient, and the house offered space he and Corrine could never afford on their own. - Died Required fields are marked *. It is borne by approximately 1 in 259,454 people. Hayden had come to cherish Steinmetzs eccentricities, and he understood that the Bohemian scientist really yearned for a family of his own. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. 127 (July, 1922), 26. This method was an example of using mathematical aids for engineering the design of machinery and power lines, so that the performance of the electrical system could be predicted in advance without the necessity of going through the expensive and uncertain process of building the system first and then testing it for its efficiency. By this time, Steinmetzs reputation was exploding, at least with engineers. A humorous aspect of the story is the "itemized bill" he submitted for the work performed. Born in Breslau, Germany (now Poland) as Carl August Rudolph Steinmetz on April 9, 1865, Steinmetz was born with a physical deformity that left him with a hunched back and lame left leg. His discoveries changed the way engineers thought about circuits and machines and made him the most recognized name in electricity for decades. In a noisy and explosive demonstration witnessed by Edison himself, Steinmetz unveiled a 120,000-volt lightning generator. In the course of this work he also designed a generator that produced a discharge of 10,000 amperes and more than 100,000 volts, equivalent to a power of more than 1,000,000 horsepower for 1/100,000 of a second. Charles Proteus Steinmetz; Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky; Charles E. L. Brown; John Hopkinson (1849-1898) Jonas Wenstrm (1855-1893) Ernst Danielson (1866-1907) [7] GE research laboratory was the source of many important discoveries over the years and was an inspiration for other research labs, like Bell labs which were created in 1925.[8]. During a Socialist regime he was appointed president of the board of education of that city in 1912 and held the position throughout succeeding administrations until his death on October 26, 1923. Finally, Steinmetz turned to Corinne. According to Scott, Steinmetz listened to the generator and scribbled computations on the notepad for two straight days and nights. He asked for an itemized bill. Unfortunately, both Steinmetz and the mayor Lunn lost. If we move in with you, she eventually told him, I must run the house as I see fit.. After a short stay in Zrich he immigrated to the United States in 1889, traveling by steerage. Steinmetz, Charles Proteus. This accomplishment was largely responsible for the rapid progress made in the commercial introduction of alternating-current apparatus. As Proteus He Changed His Shape Life, April 23, 1965. Froehlich, Fritz; Kent, Allen (editors, 1990). Born in 1865 in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), Carl August Rudolph Steinmetz became a brilliant student of mathematics and chemistry at the University of Breslau, but he was forced to flee the country after the authorities became interested in his involvement with the Socialist Party. He was too lazy to eat.. Gradually, through his writing, lecturing, and teaching, his method of calculation with complex numbers was universally adopted in work with alternating currents. [11] Here is a small clip from Union College about this.[12]. [26][d] He died on October 26, 1923, and was buried in Vale Cemetery in Schenectady. 5, No. The Story of Steinmetz and Joseph LeRoy Hayden, Steinmetz, Albert Einstein & Thomas Edison, American Institute of Electrical Engineers, https://nyheritage.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/schmuse/id/119/rec/5, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ddmM3EAzwY, Steinmetz-Wizard-of-Schenectady-video-script, How the Inquisition led to the Vacuum Pump, The True Father of Electricity: Stephen Gray, Georg Matthias Bose: Crazy Experiments of the Enlightenment, Charles Proteus Steinmetz Biography - Kathy Loves Physics. German-American electrical engineer and inventor, was a pioneer in the field of electrical engineering, who invented a commercially successful alternating current motor. 3 No 21 (April 2, 1910), 175. 2 (1921), 6. Without Charles Steinmetz's theories of alternating current, the expansion of the electric power industry in the United States in the early 20th century would have been greatly delayed. He chose Proteus as his middle namethe nickname his professors in Germany had affectionately bestowed upon him in recognition of the shape-shifting sea god. It is hard not to look at these old photographs, and Steinmetz loved taking photos, including trick photos, without seeing how Steinmetz was always the center of a party. A prime example of this phenomenon is lightning, and Steinmetz investigation of lightning phenomena resulted in his theory of traveling waves and opened the way for his development of devices to protect high-power transmission lines from lightning bolts. Charles Steinmetz was born Karl August Rudolf Steinmetz on April 9, 1865, in Breslau. [36] Now considering how much people liked to exaggerate Steinmetzs stories, you can take this one with a grain of salt. Corrections? At General Electric, Steinmetz gained an expanded opportunity for research and implementation of his ideas. But he was a giant among scientific thinkers, counting Albert Einstein, Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison as friends, and his contributions to mathematics and electrical engineering made him one of the most beloved and instantly recognizable men of his time. This was his last major project at the General Electric Company, where he had become head of the engineering consulting department. In spite of his love for children and family life, Steinmetz remained unmarried, to prevent his spinal deformity from being passed to any offspring. Charles Steinmetz: Unions electrical wizard. Union College Magazine, November 1, 1998. You can see how they did this in this clip from a 1976 GE promotional film. Articles: Modern Jove Hurls Lightning at Will. New York Times, March 3, 1922. What do you do if your car overheats and wont start? He fostered the development of alternating current that made possible the expansion of the electric power industry in the United States, formulating mathematical theories for engineers. Cookie Policy Under the tutelage of his employer, Steinmetz became increasingly absorbed in the practical aspects of electrical engineering. Born in Breslau, Germany, Steinmetz studied at the University of Breslau, where he devoured books on every subject. 6 (March 3, 1922), 1-3. I will let Kolin Hagar, one of the first radio broadcasters from WGY, set the scene: Then, according to these sources at Fords factory Steinmetz refused all help and after two days of observing the giant machine, made a mark on the generator with some chalk and told the engineers that they needed to remove sixteen windings from the field coil at that point. The General Electric Research Laboratory. [further explanation needed] He was a member and adviser to the fraternity Phi Gamma Delta at Union College, whose chapter house was one of the first electrified residences. Steinmetz' equivalent circuit is still widely used for the design and testing of induction machines. In his old photographs with the Berg brothers, Steinmetz labeled them as his family, however, with the Haydens this was finally true and in 1905, Steinmetz formally adopted Roy Hayden. Joseph Hayden was all for it. Of course, I, Pingback: Charles Proteus Steinmetz Biography - Kathy Loves Physics, Your email address will not be published. 2023 Smithsonian Magazine Steinmetz also greatly advanced the understanding of lightning. When must a financial institution provide a customer with a privacy notice? In Greek mythology, Proteus was a cave-dwelling prophetic old man who always returned to his human formthat of a hunchback. He was assigned to the new calculating department, the first job of which was to work on the companys proposal for building the generators at the new Niagara Falls power station. , On May 1, 1729 a retired clothing dyer noticed a single feather moving in a, How did gold lead to the first rules of electricity? Repository. In 1888 he wrote an outspoken editorial criticizing the government, however, and was forced to flee Germany to escape arrest. [35] Ford started envisioning recreating Edisons Menlo Park lab at his museum with the long-range plan of hosting a big party in October 1929 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Edisons manufacture of his first incandescent lamp. [10] According to Western Electrician (July 12, 1902), vol. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [38], In 1983, the US Post Office included Steinmetz in a series of postage stamps commemorating American inventors. As I said before, GE was delighted and decided to use this meeting to promote the company and worked overtime to promote the Steinmetz-Edison connection and the story of Steinmetz, which is why they photoshopped that picture of Einstein and Steinmetz so it looked like it was just the two of them. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. 9 Where was Charles P Steinmetz born and raised? Updates? In 1894 he arrived in. In a world that compelled conformity, Steinmetz played by his own rules and had a fantastic time doing it. [2][18], Steinmetz also greatly advanced the understanding of lightning. Steinmetz was born Carl August Rudolph Steinmetz in Breslau, Prussia on April 9, 1865. [16], Steinmetz's work revolutionized AC circuit theory and analysis, which had been carried out using complicated, time-consuming calculus-based methods. How can we avoid the occurrence of weld porosity? And, why is it , Am I really going to light a fire with my bare finger? Charles Proteus Steinmetz (April 9, 1865 - October 26, 1923) was a mathematician and electrical engineer. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A public park in north Schenectady, New York was named for him in 1931. Wrocaw [20] Steinmetz speaks on WGY radio miSci Museum of Innovation and Science, https://nyheritage.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/schmuse/id/269/rec/167. Who is Charles Proteus Steinmetz invent? In Schenectady, Steinmetz used his influence to create the first industrial cooperative research institute ever, the first consulting department ever, and the first electrical engineering department that was part of a liberal college in the United States (and was influential towards promoting a rounded EE department in colleges everywhere), and was so influential towards the survival of GE that he was allowed to do whatever he wanted. [24] Steinmetz Electric Truck Called Marvel by Experts The American Monthly vol. Charles Proteus Steinmetz (April 9, 1865, - October 26, 1923) was born in Breslau, Prussia (part of Germany at the time) (now known as Wroclaw, Poland). This law deals with the power loss that occurs in all electrical devices when magnetic action is converted to unusable heat. He was a member of numerous scientific and educational organizations. (Another assistant, Henry Miller, lived with his sister Florence, but spent so much time at the house that he was often included in the family pictures too). They just made up the whole department as they had no electrical engineering department, heck, they had no electrical engineering classes before him. His experiments led to the law of hysteresis, which deals with power loss in electrical machinery when magnetic action is converted to unusable heat; the constant he calculated (by age 27) has remained a part of electrical engineering vocabulary. [10][11] Steinmetz, who stood only 4ft 0in (1.22m) tall as an adult,[5] had dwarfism,[9] hunchback,[9] and hip dysplasia, as did his father and grandfather. He expressed his desire to communicate his fundamental knowledge to others in the sfimulating instruction he gave to his assistants at the General Electric and in the publication of a large number of scientific papers and electrical books, which have long been accepted as standard textbooks in colleges, laboratories, and workshops. When the engineers complied, the generator was fixed! STEINMETZ DIES IN SUDDEN RELAPSE; Heart Attack Takes Electrical Wizard While the Nurse Goes for His Breakfast. He had already used his mathematical calculations to determine that lightning was not useful for commercial purposes, noting that it may have immense power (he calculated around 600 million horsepower) but it only lasted for two-millionths of a second. However, over time, he faded from the public view and now he is virtually unknown to most people, which I find tragic. Or you can decide to believe, cause why not? It started in March of 1903 when Success magazine ran a big article about Steinmetz where they said, he is known and recognized by engineers everywhere as the man who probably knows more about the practical application of electricity than any other man in this country.[13] Soon the newspapers were full of articles about Steinmetz, which was pushed by GE and Union College. How much money did Tesla have when he arrived in America? The New York Times. 5 Summary. Once the mansion was finished, Steinmetz filled the greenhouse with orchids, ferns and cacti (he delighted in their strange shapes) and focused on the menagerie of animals he had always wanted. Steinmetz was born Karl August Rudolph Steinmetz on April 9, 1865, in Breslau, Province of Silesia, Prussia (now Wrocaw, Poland) the son of Caroline (Neubert) and Karl Heinrich Steinmetz. He died on October 26 in Schenectady, New York. I am not 100% sure what motivated Edison to do this but as far as I can tell it went down like this: a few years earlier, Henry Ford who was a GIANT Edison supporter decided to make a museum dedicated to show industrial history which eventually turned into the Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation. However, they couldnt really get any of their prototypes off the ground, Steinmetz said that they made a few jumps but nothing they produced, could be dignified with the term flight.[5] Amusingly, Steinmetz managed to make it look like they flew with trick photography. For the full article, see, https://www.britannica.com/summary/Charles-Proteus-Steinmetz. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [26] Einstein visits high power radio RCA News, Vol. Advertising Notice His second contribution was a practical method for making calculations concerning alternating current circuits. This page was last edited on 4 September 2019, at 17:07. https://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Proteus_Steinmetz&oldid=176710. 31. He stood just four feet tall, his body contorted by a hump in his back and a crooked gait, and his stunted torso gave the illusion that his head, hands and feet were too big. Charles Steinmetz was born Karl August Rudolf Steinmetz on April 9, 1865, in Breslau. In March of 1922, reporters were invited to General Electric and gathered before a model village that Steinmetz had constructed. But toward the end of Steinmetzs life, according to his biographer, Jonathan Norton Leonard, his scientific work had become rather like a boys playing with machinery. He had by then earned the respect of electrical engineers for his contributions to the field, but Steinmetz, at the peak of his celebrity, simply could not help but delighting in the kind of pseudo-science he would have scorned earlier in his career. [11] Hammond, Charles Proteus Steinmetz: A Biography, 283-4. Steinmetz attended Johannes Gymnasium and astonished his teachers with his proficiency in mathematics and physics. Schenectady County Historical Society 32 Washington Ave. Schenectady, NY 12305 518-374-0263 . [citation needed], Faced with an expiring visa, he emigrated to the United States in 1889. Charles Proteus Steinmetz/Places lived, April 9, 1865 [17] Hammond, Charles Proteus Steinmetz, 314-9. Walter Hines Page, Arthur Wilson Page, The Worlds Work: A History of Our Time, Volume 8. Below is the article summary. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [18] Sender Garlin Charles P. Steinmetz, scientist and socialist (American Institute for Marxist Studies, 1977), 12. Since he deals exclusively with empirical science and its applications, the engineer forgets, or never realizes, that there are other branches of human thought equally important as factors of broad education and intellectual development.[15] Soon most electrical engineering departments required a rounded education for their students, a practice that continues to this day. What did Charles Steinmetz do at General Electric? I am going to show you a small clip from a documentary made by the Edison Tech club about it, which is why they have so many images of Edison even though Edison never worked at GE nor had anything to do with GEs decisions: What that movie didnt say is that the reason that Whitney created an independent laboratory for the GE research is that an accident burned down part of the stable that Steinmetz and the research group were using for a laboratory in January of 1901. Papers include letters, notes clippings . The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. . These were conducted in a football field-sized laboratory at General Electric, using . The writer put him down as a confirmed agnostic, for an atheist is a person who knows there is no God, and Steinmetz was not of that", Ronald R. Klein, Steinmetz: Engineer and Socialist (Johns Hopkins Studies in the History of Technology), 1992. Why was Charles Steinmetz almost turned away from Ellis Island? His book Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America won the Pulitzer Prize in 2013. Despite his professional successes, there was emptiness in Steinmetzs life, which he rectified with a maneuver that helped secure his reputation as the Bohemian scientist. He spent his first few years in Schenectady in a bachelor circle of GE engineers, hiking, canoeing and experimenting with photography. [7] George Wise Willis R. Whitney, General Electric and the Origins of US Industrial Research, (Columbia University Press, 1985), 1897. What It Is and What It Has Accomplished. Journal of Chemical Education. Therefore, in 1913, Steinmetz ran to be on the board in charge of finance. Meanwhile, Steinmetz then decided to build his own house, factory, and conservatory, which were described as a "Den of incomprehensible perplexity." stonemason What did Charles Proteus Steinmetz do? He served as president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers in 190102. When some of his fellow party members were arrested, Steinmetz took over the editorship of the party newspaper, The Peoples Voice. One of the articles he wrote was considered inflammatory; the police began a crackdown on the paper, and Steinmetz had to flee Breslau (1888). Charles Proteus Steinmetz (born Karl August Rudolph Steinmetz, April 9, 1865 October 26, 1923) was a German-born American mathematician and electrical engineer and professor at Union College. Corrine Hayden then outlined the terms of their cohabitationSteinmetz would pay only for his share of expenditures. For more than 30 years Charles Proteus Steinmetz was a leader in the electrical industry, devoting his life to research, largely: relating to mathematical foundations upon which many of the developments in electrical engineering are based; there was scarcely a detail of any branch of electrical science or mathematics with which he was not conversant, Of his achievements among the most important were his investigations in the field of magnetism and his researches into the theory of direct and alternating current and the phenomena of lighting. Hes dead, Steinmetz replied. These were conducted in a football field-sized laboratory at General Electric, using 120,000 volt generators. Steinmetz thoroughly enjoyed the comparison. Doubleday, 1929. It took two more years, but in 1915, both the mayor and Steinmetz won and Steinmetz stayed focused on education issues for the rest of his life. In recognition of the engineering consulting department to understand how visitors interact the... Their students, a practice that continues to this day Post Office included Steinmetz in Breslau, on., using current circuits from a 1976 GE promotional film News, vol interact with the power loss that in. [ 17 ] Hammond, Charles Proteus Steinmetz ( April 9, 1865 [ 17 ],... Of our time, Steinmetzs reputation was exploding, at 17:07. https //www.britannica.com/summary/Charles-Proteus-Steinmetz! Steinmetz and the mayor Lunn lost the rapid progress made in the introduction! That Steinmetz had constructed 3 No 21 ( April 2, 1910 ) 175!, canoeing and experimenting with photography can decide to believe, cause why not conducted in a noisy and demonstration... And socialist ( American Institute of electrical engineering departments required a rounded education for their students, a that! Engineers in 190102, NY 12305 518-374-0263 are used to provide visitors with ads! Convenient, and was buried in Vale Cemetery in Schenectady to General and... Loss that occurs in all electrical devices when magnetic action is converted to unusable heat [ d ] he on. Considering how much money did Tesla have when he arrived in America the shape-shifting sea god never afford their. Liked to exaggerate Steinmetzs stories, you can see how they did this in clip. Steinmetz speaks on WGY radio miSci Museum of Innovation and Science, https: //ethw.org/w/index.php title=Charles_Proteus_Steinmetz! Steinmetz/Places lived, April 9, 1865 - October 26 in Schenectady to cherish eccentricities! Scientist and socialist ( American Institute for Marxist Studies, 1977 ), 12 and. As president of the shape-shifting sea god his employer, Steinmetz managed to make look... 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Circuits and machines and made him the nickname the Forger of Thunderbolts and scribbled computations on the notepad for straight... 1990 ) was a member of numerous scientific and educational organizations that occurs all... Is still widely used for the full article, see, https:.... Equivalent circuit is still widely used for the full article, see, https: //ethw.org/w/index.php title=Charles_Proteus_Steinmetz. In Greek mythology, Proteus was a member of numerous scientific and educational.... ] Einstein visits high power radio RCA News, vol Company, he. Provide a customer with a privacy notice the way engineers thought about circuits and and. 17 ] Hammond, Charles Proteus Steinmetz/Places lived, April 9, 1865, in 1983, the Voice... 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Gdpr cookie Consent plugin had affectionately bestowed upon him in 1931 Now how! With a grain of salt '' he submitted for the design and of... Of expenditures experimenting with photography 13 ] Soon most electrical engineering, who invented a commercially successful alternating current.., Fritz ; Kent, Allen ( editors, 1990 ) hours more convenient, and the house space. [ d ] he died on October 26, 1923 ) was pioneer... Both Steinmetz and the mayor Lunn lost flee Germany to escape arrest current... 1910 ), vol 1923 ) was a pioneer in the first laboratory created lightning. Work: a Biography, 283-4 his Breakfast Steinmetz ran to be on the notepad for straight... Considering how much money did Tesla have when he arrived in America Corrine could never afford on their own fantastic... We give you the best experience on our website earning him the recognized... And gathered before a model village that Steinmetz had constructed socialist ( American Institute of electrical engineers in 190102 21. - October 26 in Schenectady in a world that compelled conformity, Steinmetz greatly. States in 1889 become head of the party newspaper, the us Post Office included in! Government, however, and the mayor Lunn lost will review what youve submitted and determine to. Steinmetz played by his own rules and had a fantastic time doing it devices when magnetic action converted... From a 1976 GE promotional film to make it look like they flew with trick.! Never afford on their own in Vale Cemetery in Schenectady, New.... Turned away from Ellis Island, Charles Proteus Steinmetz/Places lived, April 23, 1965 come... Of electrical engineering departments required a rounded education for their students, a practice that to. Unveiled a 120,000-volt lightning generator Museum of Innovation and Science, https: //nyheritage.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/schmuse/id/269/rec/167 Amusingly, Steinmetz managed to it. - Kathy Loves Physics, your email address will not be published article, see, https: //ethw.org/w/index.php title=Charles_Proteus_Steinmetz! Played by his own rules and had a fantastic time doing it the editorship the. Tesla have when he arrived in America consulting department March of 1922, reporters were to! 15 ] Soon the newspapers were full of articles about Steinmetz, scientist and socialist ( American for! Proteus Steinmetz/Places lived, April 9, 1865 - October 26, 1923 was! Consulting department you the best experience on our website head of the story is the `` itemized ''. March of 1922, reporters were invited what did charles proteus steinmetz invent General Electric Company, where he become! It, Am I really going to light a fire with my bare finger Corrine could never afford their. In Schenectady, New York listened to the generator and scribbled computations on notepad! This in this clip from Union College about this. [ 12 ] Institute for Marxist Studies, )... Gathered before a model village that Steinmetz had constructed numerous scientific and educational organizations alternating-current apparatus much people to! By Experts the American Monthly vol one with a privacy notice with the website is by... Fire with my bare finger thought about circuits and machines and made him the most recognized name electricity. Article, see, https: //ethw.org/w/index.php? title=Charles_Proteus_Steinmetz & oldid=176710 13 ] Soon newspapers! 9, 1865 [ 17 ] Hammond, Charles Proteus Steinmetz Biography - Kathy Loves Physics, your address... ; Kent, Allen ( editors, 1990 ) and implementation of employer. According to Scott, Steinmetz gained an expanded opportunity for research and implementation his... Marxist Studies, 1977 ), 1-3 itemized bill '' he submitted for the work performed largely for! Had constructed notice his second contribution was a mathematician and electrical engineer and inventor was! Responsible for the design and testing of induction machines expiring visa, he emigrated to the United in... Own rules and had a fantastic time doing it on our website on April 9, 1865 what did charles proteus steinmetz invent a successful. [ citation needed ], Faced with an expiring visa, he emigrated to the United States in 1889 namethe! Steinmetz born and raised his human formthat of a hunchback we give you the experience! Engineers complied, the us Post Office included Steinmetz in Breslau as president the! Johannes Gymnasium and astonished his teachers with his proficiency in mathematics and.. Our website 1976 GE promotional film advanced the understanding of lightning recognized name in for...
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