Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/the-importance-of-stradlaters-composition-in-the-catcher-in-the-rye/, Hire skilled expert and get original paper in 3+ hours, Run a free check or have your essay done for you, Didn`t find the right sample? Sometimes only one of those meanings is intended, depending on context, and sometimes multiple meanings are intended at the same time. Finally, idioms cannot be syntactically modified. Michael Cart, "Famous Firsts. Salinger used his teenage years as reference in creating Holden. New York: Harper & Row, 1989. http://www.bellmore-merrick.k12.ny.us/catcher.html; http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/catcher/facts.html. Louis Menand agrees, writing in The New Yorker that Salinger "stopped writing stories, in the conventional sense. He seemed to lose interest in fiction as an art formperhaps he thought there was something manipulative or inauthentic about literary device and authorial control." Not with poetry, and not even with prose, where the difficulty is generally assumed to be less. Holdens jargon is very important, because it emphasizes how this teenager was, how he talked We can see that Salinger has the tendency to use the second person pronoun you and the irony Its easy to see Holdens thoughts: the author reproduces the teenagers mind quite well. The works of Salinger show the quest for happiness through religion, loneliness, and symbolism. for a customized plan. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. Essay. Wed love to have you back! (Chapter 16, page 121) Holden also mentions that he is troubled by the fact that he has changed every time he returns to them. They argued that Salinger's concerns represented an entire generation of American youth, frustrated by the phoniness of the world, just like Holden was. They represent the simple, idealistic, manageable vision of life that Holden wishes he could live. J. D. Salinger used in his writing a lot of interjections that easily presented the feelings that feel the characters of the novel. These mistakes are caused not only by difference in their semantic structure but by the difference of their usage as well which demand lexical changes. He does not connect with the people around him, but dwells on people who are memories, like Allie and Jane Gallagher. Those which are easily recognizable include expressions which violate truth conditions. If we talk about the language at Catcher in the Rye, we can say that the author uses a simple writing, with several interjections and qualifier adjectives; the tone of this novel is colloquial and full of teenagers expressions (it is written in a monologue and in lively slang; its also important the chronolect). He uses letters and phone calls and he connect different ideas, like innocence and adolescence with the Hollywoods corruption. Inter-semiotic translation or transmutation (an interpretation of verbal signs of non-verbal sign systems). Throughout the novel, it becomes increasingly clear that Allies death was one of the most traumatic experiences of Holdens life and may play a major role in his current psychological breakdown. Occasional meanings, suddenly originated in the context are not always arbitrary it is based into the semantic structure of the word. The topic of the composition is to describe a room or a house; however, describing something meaningful only leads to . What is Holdens relationship with Phoebe like? If the two senses of the same word do not seem to fit, yet seem related, then it is likely that they are polysemous. Arguments and explanations largely resemble each other inrhetoricaluse. She was the daughter of his mother's best friend. In both cases, we sense that although Holden envisions himself as the protector rather than the one to be protected, he is the one who really needs to be caught. They are classified as : The first four are grammatical and the last one lexical. False friends - are an umbrella term where some similarity between two words in a language pair dealt with look or sound sufficiently alike to sometimes make translators render the source word by a target word that is semantically wrong in that context. Selma is the Headmaster's daughter. Short Summaries of the Books . Give her to me boy it was used for pointing out to the reader that Stradler with whom Holden discuss was a person that didnt pay attention to the persons beauty. D Salinger. Holden tears the composition up and throws it away angrily. It may have various kinds of lexical meanings (lexical-semantic) variants; it may widen or narrow its meaning and make it more abstract or concrete. On the one hand, despises his room mates and headmaster of Elton Hills prep school ,but does have a favorite teacher. Up home we wear a hat like that to shoot deer in, for Chrissake, he said. As he finishes the essay, Holden can hear Ackley snoring and comments that one has to feel sorry for Ackley when one considers all the problems he has.". One detail he says is "The best thing, though, in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was. number: 206095338, E-mail us: Analysis of the translation into Romanian of J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, which represents my major contribution to this research paper it was focused on presenting the Romanian versions of Salingers novel in order to find the main translation difficulties translation as well as its impact on Romanian readership. False cognates, by contrast, are similar words in different languages that appear to have a common historical linguistic origin (whatever their current meaning) but actually do not. ); Intensification of a feature (simile, hyperbole, periphrasis). Life is a game, boy. But in real-world relationships, people talk back, and Phoebe reveals how different her childhood is from Holden's romanticized notion. In 1951 Salinger released his novel, The Catcher in the Rye, an immediate popular success. The reader wants to know not only what happened but how it all ended and what it all meant. This offends Stradlater, who refuses to answer. The best one in it was The Secret Goldfish. Distinguishing between various meanings of a word of general vocabulary. Holden is terrified by the unpredictable challenges of the worldhe hates conflict, he is confused by Allie's senseless death, and he fears interaction with other people. Salinger's portrayal of Holden, which includes incidents of depression, nervous breakdown, impulsive spending, sexual exploration, vulgarity, and other erratic behavior, have all attributed to the controversial nature of the novel. It troubles him that he has changed each time he returns, while the museum's displays remain completely the same. The ducks are in context to a scripture in the Bible, which tells of how the ducks are Free. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. Salinger. . (J. D. Salinger: 7). Here, the question is not whether a given idiom is transparent, opaque, or misleading. Does Mr. Antolini really make a pass at Holden? Yet the novel is not without its sharp advocates, who argue that it is a critical look at the problems facing American youth during the 1950's. The general impression is that the Romanian translation is direct, it does not use so many euphemisms, it has more gains, its language is more modern, closer to the contemporary teenage colloquial speech, and more colorful. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! A translator should not try to preserve the stylistic device given in the sentence, but reproduce its function in the target language. The concept of norm is relative, on the one hand, with system of language, and on the other hand, it is closely connected with speech, in which the originality of speech formation is displayed. Intralinguistic translation, or rewording means interpreting verbal signs through other signs of the same language. Holden idealizes Allie, praising his intelligence and sensitivitythe poem--covered baseball glove is a perfect emblem for bothbut remaining silent about his emotional reaction to Allies death. He asks Holden to write a composition for him for English. Its a symbol of uniqueness and individuality as well. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Copyright 2023 Literary Devices. Quotation). In every language a word exists in a close connection with the lexical-semantic system of a given language. A lot of critics were expressed after the publishing of J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Rye. The Romanian translation is obviously courageous in the choice of words, modem in the choice of vocabulary and linguistic register. The main aim is to analyze J. D. Salingers literary fiction and his impact on Romanian readers as reflected by the translations of his literary creations into Romanian, mainly centering on his novel: The Catcher in the Rye. At this point in the novel, Holden's sense of disadvantage and corresponding bitterness seem somewhat strange, given his circumstances: he's clearly a bright boy from a privileged New York family. The terms 'explain' or 'explanation,' et cetera is frequently used in arguments. Holden is obsessed with childhood because he chooses to be wedged between a world of the innocence of children and the complex world of adulthood. It occurs in Chapter 22, after Holden has slipped quietly back into his apartment and is speaking with Phoebe. Through experience it was learned that the consequences of wrong translations can be catastrophicespecially if done by laypersonsand mistakes made in the performance of this activity can obviously be irreparable. Holden is scared of growing up, and also scared of the unknown. places where he either grew up or which he knew; his use of well-established symbols throughout his fiction; his unique approach of religious themes and his use of Zen philosophy; his attachment to and protection for his characters. Some topics of The Catcher in the Rye were taboos (like drugs, sex or prostitution). Scholars Every statement made about the work by a reader of the translation should also be true of the original text. Like hell it is. I took it off and looked at it. Robert Coles reflected general critical opinion of the author when he called Salinger "an original and gifted writer, a marvelous entertainer, a man free of the slogans and clichs the rest of us fall prey to". An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time. Explore how the human body functions as one unit in In much the same way arguments and explanations may be confused with each other, so too may explanations and justifications. As the book progresses, however, we learn that Holden has built cynical psychological armour around himself to protect himself from the complexities of the world. Just think of what could happen in cases of serious inadequacy in knowledge areas such as science, medicine, legal matters, or technology. It completely unsettles him, and leaves him feeling confused and unsure. The Romanian version always uses euphemisms and euphemistic formulations when translating SL colloquial expressions (mainly explained by the social, political and cultural constraints from the period of its publication), while the second version uses (almost all the time) the same informal, at times vulgar, linguistic register as the ST, managing at the same time to capture the nuances and subtleties of the original. While it is appropriate to discuss the novel in such terms, Holden Caulfield is an unusual protagonist for a bildungsroman because his central goal is to resist the process of maturity itself. Belonging doesnt just happen; it involves many factors and experiences. In fact, Holdens reactions to his adventure are more significant than the adventure itself. As there are no equivalent expressions in the target language, the nuances of this kind taken from the whole novel are lost in Romanian translation. A translation should always include the tasks and the qualities (or even the standards) a translation should perform. Because of this fact, a translation based on a one-to-one substitution of words is seldom acceptable. Alex Gross,The Theories of Translation. J. D. Salinger used a lot of epithets in his work The Cather in the Ray in order to present a good characteristic of the characters which are in the work and of the objects that he used in his work the epithets were used for pointing out to the reader some of the properties or features of the characters and of the objects with the aim of giving an individual perception and evaluation of these features or properties. The conclusion is that there have been some similarities between Salingers private life and some of the events in his works, but not enough to entitle anyone to think that his fiction is autobiographical. The author used a lot of stylistic devices of these kinds in order to capture readers attention to the smallest elements used by the writer for pointing out those elements that could not be used without those peculiarities of Modernists writers. In English language such unexpected word combinations are formed very easily. Therefore, the point that the author is trying to make is that the presence of the hat, mirrors the major conflict of the book which is Holdens need for isolation versus his need for companionship. Literary translators can also use the interpretation of other critics, the options of other native speakers of both the SL and the TL, and the help of numerous dictionaries (but this type of support is limited in ideas). But revealing these potentials of words is closely connected with the specificity of lexical-semantic aspects of every language and here forth we may observe the difficulty of translation of contextual meaning of words. Jargon, like many examples of slang, may be used to exclude nongroup members from the conversation, but in general has the function of allowing its users to talk precisely about technical issues in a given field. and how should i write it.. pls and thanks" eNotes Editorial, 27 Mar. I'm standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. Intralinguistic transfer can also be illustrated by stylistic differentiation. This is the cause of much difficulty inthinking criticallyaboutclaims. People often are not themselves clear on whether they are arguing for or explaining something. In The Catcher in the Rye, what do Holden and Stradlater fight over? Holden's curiosity about where the ducks go during the winter reveals a genuine, more youthful side to his character. Its impossible. Ask and answer questions. It has also expressed my belief that a literary translation should not compete with the original, its main task being that of recreating the same atmosphere and the same effect of the ST on the TT readers and to make the readers understand the original text no matter if they speak or do not speak the SL since it is said that a translation can even make native speakers of a language better understand a SL text. Where is Holden as he narrates the story? The writer of the novelThe Cather in the Ray also used another interjection such as Yeah? As the source of the book's title, this symbol merits close inspection. Life is a game that one plays according to the rules., [Ackley] took another look at my hat . An idiom or fixed expression may have no equivalent in the target language. This chapter will point out the activity of one of the main representative of the 20th century J.D.Salinser and critics about one of the well-known writing of this writer The Catcher in the Rye. Both the conversation and Mr. Antolini's head-rubbing serve a similar purpose: they upset Holden's view of the way things are or the way he believes they ought to be. Language, then, is the heart within the bodies of culture, and it is the interaction between the two that results in the continuation of life-energy. How did Holden know Stradlater's date, Jane Gallagher? But it can also be said that a more diversified way of translating the same linguistic structures may indicate a better adaptation to the TL, although the psychological effect on the readers of Holdens linguistic repetitions is not as strong as in the ST. I sort of closed one eye, like I was taking aim at it. Absence of some corresponding word or lexical-semantic variant in both languages is also one of the reasons of applying additional words in translation. The difficulties while translating are connected most of all with conveyance of national character of one or another work: the brighter it reflects national life the more illuminate characteristic situations the more difficult for the translator to find adequate functional figurative means. Ill just tell you about this madman stuff that happened to me around last Christmas before I got pretty run-down and had to come out here and take it easy. Lexical peculiarities are the most important features of lexico-stylistic analyses and these features are very important for the reader in order easily to understand the whole content of the work. Paradigmatic equivalence, where there is equivalence of `the elements of a paradigmatic expressive axis', i.e. It is not the specific items an expression contains but rather the meaning it conveys and its association with culture-specific contexts which can make it untranslatable or difficult to translate. Holden realizes the irony that he is flunking out of Pencey, yet is still asked to do work for others. Holden's isolation is expressed in the fact that while Stradlater goes out on a date,Holden is all alone in his dorm room, doing homework for his roommate. P. Newmark calls them deceptive cognates, as their meanings are different and they can easily confuse the target text receptor. In translation from English to other languages it is faced the conflict of two completely different cultures, levels of development, customs and traditions. His brother Allie's (died from leukemia) baseball glove which had poems written all over it in green ink to read while out in the field. He does not want to grow up because hes afraid of the unknown, or whats coming next in his life. Anyway, Holden responds by doing a tap dance like you see in the movies, which he hates but gets a bang (his words) out of imitating. He "[tore the composition up and [threw] it away angrily. I think the point the author is trying to make is that Holden is terrified about the unpredictable challenges of the world. Holden then tears up the composition in anger, and they get into a fight. It was started by trying to define the concept of translation based on significant theoreticians points of view but it had not been an easy task. Log in here. ; Young goats, their meat, or leather made from their hides. why does holden write the composition for stradlatermasa year of service PB Nitom Blog . CLXXXVIII, No. Idiomatic and fixed expressions have individual collocational patterns. Along with traditional combinations in languages unexpected combinations are also possible, but they are quite clear, for they follow generally accepted semantic models of word combinability. (young-adult literature)", 2007; http://www.ttt.org/theory/difficulties.htlm; Cay Dollerup, Basics of Translation Studies, Institutul Europa; New Dictionary of American Slang, Harper & Row, Publishers 1986, Collins Cobuild English Dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers. Other types are derivations from one of the other meanings that lead to a verb or activity. An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically transferable. Other metaphors are occasionally constructed in individual speech. Accessed 4 Mar. This is why you remain in the best website to see the incredible book to have. It doesnt include every instance when the hearer or reader has to supply missing information, but only those cases where grammatical structure itself points to an item or items that can fill the slot in question. The fact that he keeps the mitt with poems inside, tells the reader that Holden has not let Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this answer and thousands more. Polyseme in the same time is the capacity for a sign (e.g., a word, phrase, etc.) Why does Holden wear the red hunting hat? Some idioms are 'misleading'; they seem transparent because they offer a reasonable literal interpretation and their idiomatic meanings are not necessarily signalled in the surrounding text. He thinks the line is If a body catch a body comin' through the rye, but the actual lyric is If a body meet a body, coming through the rye.. For example, Holden's use of qualifiers such as "if you want to know the truth," "I know what I'm talking about," or "I'm not kidding" serve to emphasize how unsure Holden is of what he's saying or how well he'll be received. As he says to Mr. Spencer, he feels trapped on the other side of life, and he continually attempts to find his way in a world in which he feels he doesn't belong. To respect, whenever possible, all the syntax and lexical repetitions, shoot the bull = telling lies, small talk. Renews March 10, 2023 Latest answer posted November 15, 2019 at 6:03:44 PM. Salinger uses symbols to show the turning point of the characters lives. He is angry at life for being so unfair. Salinger, J.D. The general conclusion that can be drawn is that there cannot be a perfect translation, but there can be made efforts to try to find the best version of rendering a text from the SL into the TL. The modern world's general moral change and the individual's alienation from the society serve. Mothers are all slightly insane(Salinger 176), this shows Holdens belief that all adults are in one way or another phony. In short, must take into account all the above mentioned elements while translating the text. Slangisms are often used in colloquial speech but not all colloquialisms are slangisms. Holden is angry at his family for coping with Allie's death, he is angry at the world for continuing when his little brother died. collected. Then I got the hell out. In literature and writing, a stylistic device is the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written. If originally published today, the novel would probably create little publicity and garner only average book sales. Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language the source- and in the other language-the target. The red hunting hat is one of the most recognizable symbols from twentieth-century American literature. When he finally gets around to writing Stradlater's composition, he only does it because he is thinking about his dead brother and sees how he could write that "descriptive composition" about Allie. In English, gradation is based on rhythmical sequence; in Romanian, this device is logic-centered: the word, most important logically, is positioned in the end of the sequence. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliffI mean if they're running and they don't look where they're going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. answer choices He had been expelled because he failed four of five subjects. . . The stylistic device that was used by the author in the work is the following hyperbole Hes going to drive me home when I go home next month maybe. Or a house Just make it descriptive as hell.". His calls to Jane Gallagher are aborted for a similar reason: to protect his precious and fragile sense of individuality. In contextual usage of a word in poetry or prose often point to the authors penetration into the depth of the words semantic structure. She had lived next door to Holden before he came to Pencey. can use them for free to gain inspiration and new creative ideas for their writing You'll be billed after your free trial ends. This brief passage occurs in Chapter 3, after Holden has returned to his dorm room and is being pestered by Ackley. Thus when comparing stylistic devices we can easily identify complete correspondence, partial correspondence and even sometimes absence of correspondence and their functions. He followed Catcher with a short story collection, Nine Stories (1953), a collection of a novella and a short story, Franny and Zooey (1961), and a collection of two novellas, Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction (1963). Ionescus translation has also accomplished its aim by the fact that it addresses young people and it uses 80-90% of their typical language, with very few exceptions (most likely limited by the social and cultural constraints of our modern society). It reveals potential expressiveness put in the lexical morphologic and syntactic means of a language. The conversation succinctly illuminates key aspects of Holden's character. The second chapter contains practical information from the book written by the writer that represent this period J. D. Salinger with his best-known novel The Catcher in the Rye. It was discussed the reasons which led to the negative reactions around The Catcher in the Rye and its repeated banning and removal from schools and high schools reading lists since its first publication until nowadays, and also some similar cases in American literature. His former teacher is needling him about his failures at Pencey; at this point, he lectures Holden about the importance of playing by the rules. When Holden is writing a composition about a baseball glove for Stradlater, he reminisces about his little brother, Allie, who dies because of his sickness in which was leukemia. In the case of non phraseological rendering, there are two possibilities: one can opt for a lexical translation or for calques. And Stradlater started getting mad and saying "no wonder you're flunking the hell out of here," or "you don't do ne dame thing the way you're supposed to." a. ( http://www.script.com:p.15) from this example is well seen that the author used one of the meanings of the word kid. Some of the major conclusions, differences or main observations between English and Romanian versions could be summarized as follows: The Romanian version uses more diverse ways of rendering Holdens speech habits or linguistic repetitions. Holden's definition of phoniness relies mostly on a kind of self-deception: he seems to reserve the most scorn for people who think that they are something they are not or who refuses to acknowledge their own weaknesses. The novel remains widely read, selling around 250,000 copies a year. Colloquialism is a lexical item used in informal speech; whilst the broadest sense of the term colloquialism might include slangism, its narrow sense does not. I mean thats all I told D.B. The mitt is representive of all these things. The third problem is the use of bilingual dictionaries. i have to pick 2 points on Allie's baseball mitt that reflects on isolation. There are a lot of Salinger pieces in the University of Texas, at Austins Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center rare books collection; although some contemporary critics see a clear progression in Salingers published works, they think that The Catcher in the Rye is so brilliant. It is important to be aware when an explanation isnota justification. Modernism was distinguished by an emancipator met narrative. The lexical translation consists in expliciting through other words the denotative meaning of the phraseologism, giving up all the other style and connotation aspects. 2, August 1951, 82. Idioms and fixed expressions which contain culture-specific items are not necessarily untranslatable. It is probably significant that Holden sells his typewriter to Frederick Woodruff before leaving Pencey. Of course, Holden will not really shoot people in this hat, but it remains a symbol of his scorn for convention. The Catcher In The Rye Essay Throughout the book, The Catcher In the Rye, the theme that I saw reoccurring in the novel was the painfulness of growing up. The conclusion was that the main reasons behind his retirement from the public world refer to his great disappointment with the disturbing elements brought along by success and his desire to find a peaceful existence, most likely as a result of the Second World War experiences and, later on, of the strong influences of Zen philosophy. The Romanian version of the Salingers The Catcher in the Rye is based the interpretation. He does not want to grow up and become phony like all the adults. The glove was covered with poems which Allie had written on it so he could read them when he became bored in the outfield. Another very important conclusion reached is that translations and retranslations are countrys literary system. Holdens actions are inconsistent with his opinions, but instead of making him seem like a hypocrite, this makes him more likable: he is kind to Ackley without commenting on it, and he shows himself capable of going to the movies with his friends like a normal teenager. Salinger is not only a deeply national, original writer but also a modern writer. 81) The Ducks in the pond are symbolic in many ways, they prove that some vanishings are only temporary. This is not always so obvious. This study on lexical pecularities and translation difficulties in a literary work are addressed to everybody but especially to pupils and students, also and the practical value of this research is that these features of an analyses is better understood and used by students and by everybody who is interested in, it facilitate the possibility of using and practice it day by day in the research and make it more expressive and colorful.
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